Amber McLaughlin – Jeremy S. Weis/Federal Public Defender Office, via Death Penalty Action Network.
The first openly transgender woman set to be executed in the United States has asked Missouri’s governor for clemency, citing mental health issues.
Amber McLaughlin, 49, has asked Missouri Gov. Mike Parson to block her execution, scheduled for Jan. 3, 2023 in Bonne Terre, Missouri.
McLaughlin was convicted in the 2003 killing of 45-year-old Beverly Guenther, who was raped and stabbed to death in St. Louis County. McLaughlin and Guenther had dated on and off for about a year prior to her death, and even lived together briefly, but a messy break-up led Guenther to seek restraining orders against McLaughlin, according to the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
McLaughlin was arrested in connection with Guenther’s disappearance, and led police to the body, which McLaughlin had driven to an area of south St. Louis close to the Mississippi River. McLaughlin had thrown Guenther’s clothes in a garbage bin before driving off, but police were able to make DNA matches based on blood in McLaughlin’s car and found McLaughlin’s DNA on Guenther’s body.
McLaughlin was found guilty of the murder, but a jury deadlocked on whether to impose the death penalty or sentence McLaughlin to life in prison without parole. Judge Steven Goldman then sentenced McLaughlin to death, exercising a provision — which only exists in Missouri and Indiana — of the law that allows a judge to impose the death penalty if a jury deadlocks on punishment.
Defenders of McLaughlin have expressed concerns that the jury in McLaughlin’s trial was never presented with “crucial mental health evidence” that could have influenced their decision on how to punish her.
U.S. Reps. Cori Bush and Emanuel Cleaver recently urged Parson to stop the execution, citing those concerns. A federal judge had previously ordered a new sentencing hearing in 2016, citing separate concerns about the effectiveness of McLaughlin’s lawyers and faulty jury instructions. But a federal appeals court reinstated the death penalty in 2021.
McLaughlin’s defense lawyers have argued that McLaughlin, who has an IQ of 82, has “borderline intellectual and personality disorders, intermittent explosive disorder and learning disorders,” as well as deficient language skills and trouble with cognitive ability and common sense.
In their letter seeking clemency, they also cited her traumatic childhood — including a foster parent who allegedly rubbed feces in McLaughlin’s face, an adoptive father who was a policeman, who used a taser and nightstick on McLaughlin, and an adoptive mother who forced McLaughlin and her siblings to drown pregnant pet cats — as contributing to McLaughlin’s lengthy criminal history prior to her relationship with Guenther, and her ongoing psychological problems, including suicidal ideation. They also claimed McLaughlin has expressed remorse for the murder.
A petition sponsored by Death Penalty Action Network, calling on Parson to halt the execution and commute her sentence to life in prison, has garnered over 4,300 signatures, calling her sentence unconstitutional due to the loophole exploited by Judge Goldman, citing the mental health issues that were never brought up at trial, and casting aspersions on former St. Louis County prosecutor Robert McCullouch for the number of individuals sentenced to death during his tenure.
If the execution is not halted, McLaughlin would be the first transgender inmate executed in the United States, according to the anti-execution Death Penalty Information Center.
McLaughlin’s scheduled execution would be the third to take place in Missouri in the past nine months — an increase from recent years. Missouri has executed the fifth-highest number of people — 93 — of any state since the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated capital punishment in 1976, according to the Death Penalty Information Center.
The prisoners involved in Missouri’s two executions in 2022 — those of Kevin Johnson, convicted of killing a St. Louis area police officer he blamed for his younger brother’s death; and Carmen Deck, convicted of killing a couple during a robbery at their home — previously made similar requests of Parson, who declined to block either execution, according to CBS News. A fourth prisoner, Leonard Taylor, is set to be executed on Feb. 7, and Missouri’s attorney general has asked the Missouri Supreme Court to set execution dates for two other inmates sometime next year.
Kelli Jones, a spokeswoman for Parson, said the governor’s office is reviewing McLaughlin’s request for clemency carefully.
“These are not decisions that the Governor takes lightly,” Jones told CBS.
McLaughlin, 49, is currently being held in Potosi Correctional Center, where all capital punishment inmates are held. She is being housed in the men’s prison, based on Missouri Department of Corrections’ policy, which bases assignments on “genitalia rather on gender identity,” a department spokeswoman told the Post-Dispatch.
McLaughlin’s lawyers said she was previously rooming with another transgender woman but is not living in isolation ahead of her execution date.
While in prison, McLaughlin befriended Jessica Hicklin, a transgender inmate paroled last year who won a federal lawsuit challenging the Missouri Department of Corrections’ “freeze-frame” policy, in which transgender inmates were denied gender-affirming care unless they had been receiving hormone therapy prior to their incarceration, as unconstitutional back in 2018.
Hicklin, who would visit McLaughlin for an hour every Friday at the Potosi Correctional Center, told the Post-Dispatch that McLaughlin — who has since been diagnosed with gender dysphoria by two doctors, but has not received hormone therapy — would talk about how she felt “trapped” and about “how hard life was living.”
“She just wanted somebody to care for her and somebody to love her and somebody to recognize her for who she is,” Hicklin said.
McLaughlin told the newspaper in a phone interview that people should know she is mentally ill, and sees her pending execution as a “sad thing,” adding: “I don’t agree with it.”
U.S. Rep. Nancy Mace (R-S.C.) has introduced a bill to ban transgender women from female-designated restrooms and other sex-segregated facilities in U.S. Capitol facilities.
The resolution would prohibit members, officers, and employees of the U.S. House of Representatives from using single-sex facilities that do not align with their assigned sex at birth.
The bill was introduced following the election of U.S. Rep.-elect Sarah McBride (D-Del.), who will be sworn in as the first out transgender member of Congress on January 3, 2025.
The measure charges the House sergeant-at-arms, William McFarland, with enforcing the ban.
A proud Cuban American transgender man, Rodrigo Heng-Lehtinen is the Executive Director of Advocates for Trans Equality (A4TE).
METRO WEEKLY: Tell me about your experience on election night. How did you feel as the night started and when did it sink in for you that things weren't going as hoped?
RODRIGO HENG-LEHTINEN: I was nervous going into election night, as so many of us were. We know how high the stakes were. We know that our freedoms were on the line. So I was anxious.
As the night went on and things started looking like the vote count was against us, I still was quite patient. I've worked on campaigns for a long time now and have learned a lot about how vote counting works. You have to keep in mind that every ballot has to be counted, it takes time, and mail-in ballots are often the last ones to be counted, and they tend to skew Democrat. So I was patient, patient, patient, anticipating. We’ve got to count every vote to actually see where this lands. But as the hours passed, of course, that did not turn out to be enough.
"This year, we had the death of Pauly Likens, who was 14, the youngest victim we've ever recorded," says Dr. Shoshana Goldberg. "We see many victims misgendered and deadening by authorities, and reporting what emerged this year is not surprising. What is unsurprising and heartbreaking is that we just see the same things happen. Even as while the numbers may change from year to year, the same trends continue to emerge."
Goldberg is the director of public education and research at the Human Rights Campaign Foundation, the educational arm of the nation's largest LGBTQ civil rights organization. Earlier today, one day before Transgender Day of Remembrance, which memorializes those trans people who have lost their lives to murder or suicide, the foundation released a report detailing the extent of violence directed against members of the transgender and gender-nonconforming communities in the United States.
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